Khamiirka β-Glucan
β-Glucan oo laga soo saaray khamiir: Xoojiye difaac oo awood leh
β-Glucan, oo ah polysaccharide dabiici ah, ayaa loo aqoonsaday sifooyinkeeda kor u qaada difaaca jirka. Iyadoo β-glucan laga heli karo nooleyaal kala duwan sida boorashka, shaciirka, iyo fangaska, β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka, gaar ahaan Saccharomyces cerevisiae (khamiirka dubista), aad ayaa loogu qiimeeyaa daahirnimadiisa iyo waxtarkiisa.
Qaab-dhismeedka iyo Faa'iidooyinka β-Glucan-ka Khamiirka laga soo qaatay
Qaab-dhismeedka Kiimikada:
β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay β-1,3-glucan oo leh dhibco laamo β-1,6 ah. Qaab-dhismeedkan gaarka ah wuxuu muhiim u yahay dhaqdhaqaaqiisa bayoolojiga iyo isdhexgalka soo-dhoweeyayaasha difaaca jirka.
Faa'iidooyinka Ilo Kale:
1. Nadiifnimo Sare:
β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka ayaa inta badan ka saafisan kuwa laga soo saaro badarka ama boqoshaada, taasoo keenta saameyn joogto ah oo xooggan.
2. Firfircoonida Difaaca Sare:
Qaab-dhismeedka β-1,3/1,6 ee laga helo β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka ayaa la muujiyay inuu si gaar ah waxtar ugu leeyahay habaynta difaaca jirka, taasoo ka dhigaysa mid aad u awood badan kicinta nidaamka difaaca jirka marka loo eego β-glucans-ka laga helo ilo kale (Brown & Gordon, 2005).
3. Xasilloonida iyo Milmida La Xoojiyay:
β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka wuxuu u janjeeraa inuu yeesho milmi iyo xasillooni wanaagsan, taasoo sahlaysa in lagu daro qaabab kala duwan oo kaabis ah iyo cunto ah iyada oo aan lumin waxtarka (Chan et al., 2009).
Horumarka Tiknoolajiyada Khamriga
Horumarka Tiknoolajiyada Khamiirinta: Wax soo saar waara oo β-Glucan ah
Waxsoosaarka Ku Salaysan Khamiirka: Horumarka tignoolajiyada khamiirka ayaa suurtogal ka dhigay in si hufan oo waara loo soo saaro β-glucan oo laga helo khamiirka. Habkani wuxuu ku lug leeyahay beerista Saccharomyces cerevisiae xaaladaha la xakameeyey si loo kordhiyo wax soo saarka β-glucan.
1. Waarta:
Wax soo saarka khamiirka wuxuu yareeyaa saameynta deegaanka iyadoo la adeegsanayo kheyraadka la cusboonaysiin karo. Waxay yareysaa baahida loo qabo dhaqamada beeraha ee ballaaran ee lala xiriiriyo ilaha kale ee β-glucan, taasoo ka dhigaysa ikhtiyaar deegaanka u fiican.
2. Hufnaan iyo Ballaaris:
Habka halsano wuxuu u oggolaanayaa wax soo saar sare iyo joogteyn. Iyadoo la hagaajinayo xaaladaha koritaanka iyo noocyada hidde-sidaha, soosaarayaashu waxay gaari karaan wax soo saar ballaaran si loo daboolo baahida sii kordheysa.
3. Joogto iyo Nadiifnimo:
Halsano la xakameeyey wuxuu hubiyaa heer sare oo daahirnimo ah iyo tayo joogto ah oo β-glucan ah, oo lagama maarmaan u ah ilaalinta waxtarka iyo badbaadada codsiyada caafimaadka.
Tilmaamaha: 70%, 80%, 85%, 90%
Kobcinta Difaaca Jirka
Habka: β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka wuxuu u shaqeeyaa kicinta habdhiska difaaca jirka ee dabiiciga ah. Wuxuu ku xidhaa soo-dhoweeyayaasha dectin-1 ee ku jira macrophages-ka, unugyada dendritic-ka, iyo neutrophils-ka, isagoo kicinaya oo kor u qaadaya awooddooda ay uga jawaabaan jeermiska. Hawlgalkani wuxuu horseedaa jawaab celin difaac oo xooggan, taasoo hagaajinaysa difaaca jirka ee ka dhanka ah caabuqyada.
Caddeymo Taageeraya: Daraasad lagu daabacay Joornaalka Nafaqada (2005) ayaa muujisay in β-glucan oo ka yimid Saccharomyces cerevisiae uu si weyn u wanaajiyay dhaqdhaqaaqa macrophages iyo neutrophils ee jiirarka, taasoo keentay iska caabin wanaagsan oo ka timaadda caabuqyada (Vetvicka et al., 2005). Daraasad kale oo ku saabsan Immunology-ga Kiliinikada iyo Tijaabada (2009) ayaa muujisay in kaabista β-glucan ay kordhisay jawaabta difaaca jirka ee aadanaha, taasoo keentay hoos u dhac ku yimaada calaamadaha hargabka caadiga ah (Talbott & Talbott, 2009).
Yaraynta Kolestaroolka
Habka: β-glucan wuxuu ka caawiyaa hoos u dhigista heerarka kolestaroolka isagoo sameeya walax u eg jel oo ku jirta xiidmaha, taasoo ku xidha kolestaroolka iyo asiidhyada bile. Habkani wuxuu yareeyaa nuugista kolestaroolka dhiigga wuxuuna kor u qaadaa soo saarista.
Caddeymo Taageeraya: Cilmi-baaris lagu sameeyay Joornaalka Mareykanka ee Nafaqada Caafimaadka (2002) ayaa lagu ogaaday in qaadashada maalinlaha ah ee β-glucan ay si weyn u yareysay wadarta guud iyo heerarka kolestaroolka LDL ee shakhsiyaadka qaba kolestaroolka sare (Davidson et al., 2002). Daraasad kale oo lagu sameeyay Cilmi-baarista Nafaqada (2008) ayaa xaqiijisay natiijooyinkan, taasoo muujinaysa in β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka uu si wax ku ool ah hoos ugu dhigay heerarka kolestaroolka dadka waaweyn ee qaba kolestarool dhexdhexaad ah oo sarreeya (Nicolosi et al., 2008).
Caafimaadka Xiidmaha
Habka: β-glucan wuxuu taageeraa caafimaadka mindhicirka isagoo u dhaqma sidii prebiotic, kor u qaadida koritaanka bakteeriyada faa'iidada leh ee mindhicirka. Tani waxay horseedaa dheefshiidka oo la hagaajiyo, nuugista nafaqada oo la wanaajiyo, iyo microbiota dheellitiran ee mindhicirka.
Caddeymo Taageeraya: Daraasad lagu sameeyay Cuntada & Shaqada (2015) ayaa muujisay in β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirku uu si togan u saameeyay halabuurka microbiota-ga mindhicirka, taasoo horseedaysa caafimaadka mindhicirka oo wanaagsanaaday iyo yareynta caabuqa caloosha iyo mindhicirka (Zhu et al., 2015). Cilmi-baaris kale oo lagu daabacay Beneficial Microbes (2017) ayaa iftiimisay saameynta prebiotic ee β-glucan, taasoo muujinaysa kororka bakteeriyada faa'iidada leh iyo hoos u dhaca bakteeriyada waxyeelada leh (Volman et al., 2017).
Gunaanad
β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka waa xoojiye difaac oo xooggan oo leh faa'iidooyin muhiim ah oo ku saabsan yaraynta kolestaroolka iyo caafimaadka caloosha iyo mindhicirka. Horumarka laga sameeyay tignoolajiyada halsano ayaa kor u qaaday wax soo saarka β-glucan, taasoo hubinaysa waarta, hufnaan, iyo tayo sare. Iyadoo cilmi-baaristu socoto, β-glucan-ka laga helo khamiirka wuxuu leeyahay ballanqaad weyn oo lagu horumarinayo caafimaadka iyo fayoobaanta.
Tixraacyada
1. Vetvicka, V., Terayama, K., Mandeville, R., Brousseau, P., Kournikakis, B., & Ostroff, G. (2005). Daraasad tijaabo ah: khamiirka beta 1,3-glucan ee afka laga qaato ayaa si ka hortag ah uga ilaaliya caabuqa anthrax iyo kansarka jiirka. Joornaalka Nafaqada, 135(9), 1992-1996.
2. Talbott, SM, & Talbott, JA (2009). Kaabista Beta-glucan, calaamadaha xasaasiyadda, iyo tayada nolosha ee dadka xasaasiyadda ragweed isku tilmaamay. Immunology Clinical and Tijaabo ah, 158(1), 49-58.
3. Davidson, MH, Dugan, LD, Burns, JH, Bova, J., Story, K., & Drennan, KB (2002). Saamaynta kolestaroolka ee beta-glucan ee boorashka iyo boorashka: daraasad lagu xakameeyey qiyaasta. Joornaalka Mareykanka ee Nafaqada Kiliinikada, 75(5), 834-839.
4. Nicolosi, R., Bell, SJ, Bistrian, BR, Greenberg, I., Forse, RA, & Blackburn, GL (2008). Liifka dhiigga ee balaasmaha ayaa isbeddela ka dib marka lagu daro faybar beta-glucan ah oo ka yimid khamiirka. Cilmi-baarista Nafaqada, 18(5), 947-954.
5. Zhu, F., Du, B., & Xu, B. (2015). Dib u eegis muhiim ah oo ku saabsan wax soo saarka iyo codsiyada warshadaha ee beta-glucans. Cuntada & Shaqada, 6(10), 3155-3170.
6. Volman, JJ, Ramakers, JD, & Plat, J. (2017). Wax ka beddelka cuntada ee shaqada difaaca jirka ee beta-glucans. Microbes-ka waxtarka leh, 3(1), 1-12.
7. Brown, GD, & Gordon, S. (2005). Aqoonsiga Difaaca Jirka: Soo-dhoweeye cusub oo loogu talagalay beta-glucans. Nature, 434(7031), 763-764.
8. Chan, GC, Chan, WK, & Sze, DM (2009). Saamaynta beta-glucan ee unugyada difaaca jirka iyo kansarka aadanaha. Joornaalka Hematology & Oncology, 2, 25.